Marcuse, Herbert

Marcuse, Herbert
(1898-1979)
A German philosopher who was a member of the Frankfurt School in exile in the United States. Unlike others, he remained in America after the end of the war, and maintained a commitment to radical politics until the end of his life. He had a strong influence on the ideas of the student left in the 1960s.
His version of critical theory grew out of the mainstream of European philosophy: the work of Hegel , phenomenology and existentialism , and the meeting of these with some aspects of Marxism . His writings covered politics and aesthetics, as well as philosophical and cultural criticism, and were especially concerned with what he regarded as the totalitarian tendencies of modern societies. Capitalism had, as he saw it, transcended the economic condition that Marx analysed and the working-class had failed to develop as a revolutionary force. He hoped that those groups excluded from the system (for example Blacks, and for a limited period of their lives students), might provide a sense of opposition. His most important books were Reason and Revolution (1941), a presentation of a Hegelian, critical or ‘negative’ Marxism, and a vigorous critique of positivist philosophy; One Dimensional Man (1964), concerned with the ways in which modern capitalism restricts the possibility of opposition; and Eros and Civilization (1955), which appropriates some of the more metaphysical ideas of Freud , particularly his notions of the life and death instincts, into a critique of the way in which modern culture transforms and alienates desire. The best-though highly sceptical-examination of his thought is still Alasdair MacIntyre's Marcuse (1970).

Dictionary of sociology. 2013.

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  • MARCUSE, HERBERT — (1898–1979), philosopher and social theorist. Born in Berlin, Marcuse studied in Berlin and Freiburg, where he was influenced by Heidegger. In World War I he served in the German army and, as a delegate from his unit, participated in the abortive …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Marcuse, Herbert — (1898–1979)    The “guru” of the New Left in Europe in the 1960s, Marcuse was one of the most significant of Marxist thinkers in the 20th century. His writings inspired much of the student protest movement of the 1960s and he developed Marxism in …   Historical dictionary of Marxism

  • Marcuse, Herbert — born July 19, 1898, Berlin died July 29, 1979, Starnberg, Ger. German U.S. political philosopher. A member of the Frankfurt school, he fled Germany after the Nazi seizure of power in 1933. After working in U.S. intelligence in World War II, he… …   Universalium

  • Marcuse, Herbert — (1898–1979) Political and social theorist. Marcuse was born in Berlin, and became associated with the Frankfurt school . His early work was a synthesis of Marxism, phenomenology, and existentialism . In 1934 he fled Nazi Germany to America and… …   Philosophy dictionary

  • Marcuse, Herbert — ► (1898 1979) Filósofo alemán. Su filosofía se basa en el marxismo y en Freud. Obras: Razón y revolución y Psicoanálisis y política, entre otras. * * * (19 jul. 1898, Berlín–29 jul. 1979, Starnberg, Alemania). Filósofo político alemán radicado en …   Enciclopedia Universal

  • Marcuse,Herbert — Mar·cu·se (mär ko͞oʹzə), Herbert. 1898 1979. German born American political philosopher whose works of social criticism include Eros and Civilization (1955) and One Dimensional Man (1964). * * * …   Universalium

  • Marcuse, Herbert — (1898 1979)    German philospher. Born in Berlin, he studied in Berlin and Freiburg. He initially worked at the Frankfurt Institute for Social Research, but from the early 1940s he was an intelligence analyst in various US agencies. He was a… …   Dictionary of Jewish Biography

  • Marcuse, Herbert —    See Frankfurt School …   Historical dictionary of Weimar Republik

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